The nail plate lies under the proximal nail fold and over the matrix, nail bed, and hyponychium. The nail plate is made by the matrix. Although the few cells the nail bed contributes to the nail plate do not increase the bulk of the plate, they are important in attaching the plate to the bed. The interrelationships of the components of the nail and knowledge about their normal function are reviewed.

A healthy fingernail has the function of protecting the distal phalanx, the fingertip, and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries. It also serves to enhance precise delicate movements of the distal digits through counter-pressure exerted on the pulp of the finger. The nail then acts as a counter-force when the end of the finger touches an object, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the fingertip, though the nail itself has no nerve endings. Finally, the nail functions as a tool, enabling for instance a so-called "extended precision grip" (e.g. pulling out a splinter in one's finger), and certain cutting or scraping actions.

Onychomycosis

Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the nail.This condition may affect toenails or fingernails, but toenail infections are particularly common.
Treatment may be based on the signs.
It occurs in about 10 percent of the adult population. It is the most common disease of the nails and constitutes about half of all nail abnormalities.

Pliability

It is Brittleness, splitting and fraying of nails which is associated with iron deficiency, thyroid problems, and impaired kidney function or with psoriasis and deficiencies of folic acid, protein, and Vitamin C.

Shape and Texture

Discoloration of entire nail bed